{
  "id": "sudan-civil-war",
  "title": "Sudan civil war",
  "category": "war",
  "countries": [
    {
      "iso3": "SDN",
      "name": "Sudan"
    }
  ],
  "status": "Fighting continues in Kordofan and Darfur, and long-range drone strikes are hitting infrastructure. A Sudanese lawyers' group says reports that the army re-detained ICC fugitive Ahmed Haroun remain unconfirmed.",
  "summary": [
    "Sudan's army and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF) have been at war since April 2023, and the RSF took El Fasher in Darfur in 2025. Since October, drone strikes on power stations have caused outages across army-held areas, and army strikes on markets in RSF-held areas have killed civilians; the UN says drone attacks are also disrupting water and fuel supplies. Sudan accuses the UAE of supplying RSF drones and Ethiopia of hosting launch sites, and both deny backing the RSF; Ethiopia in turn accuses Sudan of backing rebels in Tigray, which Sudan denies, and in early November the two expelled each other's diplomats. UN agencies say 15.4 million people in Sudan need emergency shelter, and warn that amid severe funding shortfalls only 10% of those in need can be prioritized for assistance."
  ],
  "why_it_matters": {
    "text": "Sudan is the world's largest displacement crisis, with about 8.6 million people displaced inside the country and more than 4.6 million who have fled across its borders, according to the UN refugee agency and the International Organization for Migration.",
    "source_url": "https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/africa/2026-11-06-millions-of-displaced-sudanese-risk-losing-shelter-as-funds-run-low-un-warns/"
  },
  "changed_recently": [
    {
      "text": "Sudan's Emergency Lawyers group says there is still no independent evidence or official confirmation that Ahmed Haroun was detained again (Radio Dabanga). OCHA says at least 71 aid workers were killed and 28 injured in Sudan in 2025 as humanitarian funding shrinks (Radio Dabanga). A major UN assessment found that one in three Sudanese households have lost their livelihoods. UNICEF said drone attacks on power stations are unlike anything Sudan has seen and are cutting children off from water and schooling (Radio Dabanga). The New Arab repeated the UN finding that drones caused two-thirds of child casualties in the war. Radio Dabanga also reported that Sudan earned $3.5 billion from gold exports and that the money is not reaching the poor.",
      "sources": []
    }
  ],
  "key_numbers": [
    {
      "label": "People displaced inside Sudan / people who have fled abroad",
      "value": "about 8.6 million / more than 4.6 million",
      "who_says": "UNHCR and IOM joint statement, cited by Reuters",
      "as_of": "2026-11-06",
      "source_url": "https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/africa/2026-11-06-millions-of-displaced-sudanese-risk-losing-shelter-as-funds-run-low-un-warns/"
    },
    {
      "label": "People who urgently need emergency shelter / people reached so far",
      "value": "about 15.4 million / 936,000",
      "who_says": "UNHCR and IOM, cited by Reuters",
      "as_of": "2026-11-06",
      "source_url": "https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/africa/2026-11-06-millions-of-displaced-sudanese-risk-losing-shelter-as-funds-run-low-un-warns/"
    },
    {
      "label": "People killed by drone attacks, Feb 15 to Oct 27, 2026",
      "value": "484 civilians and 176 soldiers",
      "who_says": "Sudan's Transitional Sovereignty Council (linked to the army), cited by Al Jazeera",
      "as_of": "2026-10-27",
      "source_url": "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/11/3/deadly-rsf-drone-strikes-reveal-deep-divisions-between-sudan-and-ethiopia"
    }
  ],
  "expert_views": [],
  "confidence": {
    "level": "medium",
    "reason": "Battlefield claims conflict between the army and RSF; death toll estimates (at least 59,000 per AP) are widely seen as undercounts."
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "outlet": "Radio Dabanga",
      "outlet_country": "Sudan (Netherlands-based)",
      "date": "2026-11-11",
      "url": "https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/sudans-emergency-lawyers-ahmed-harouns-arrest-not-confirmed"
    },
    {
      "outlet": "Radio Dabanga",
      "outlet_country": "Sudan (Netherlands-based)",
      "date": "2026-11-11",
      "url": "https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/ocha-reports-71-aid-workers-killed-in-sudan-as-humanitarian-funding-crisis-deepens"
    },
    {
      "outlet": "Radio Dabanga",
      "outlet_country": "Sudan (Netherlands-based)",
      "date": "2026-11-11",
      "url": "https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/un-one-in-three-sudanese-households-have-lost-their-livelihoods"
    },
    {
      "outlet": "The New Arab",
      "outlet_country": "UK (Qatar-backed)",
      "date": "2026-11-11",
      "url": "https://www.newarab.com/news/drones-behind-two-thirds-child-casualties-sudan-war"
    },
    {
      "outlet": "Radio Dabanga",
      "outlet_country": "Sudan (Netherlands-based)",
      "date": "2026-11-10",
      "url": "https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/two-week-power-blackout-after-drone-attack-sees-prices-in-sudans-white-nile-state-soar"
    },
    {
      "outlet": "Radio Dabanga",
      "outlet_country": "Sudan (Netherlands-based)",
      "date": "2026-11-10",
      "url": "https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/south-darfur-civilians-face-dire-conditions-suffering-beyond-endurance"
    },
    {
      "outlet": "UN News",
      "outlet_country": "UN",
      "date": "2026-11-10",
      "url": "https://news.un.org/feed/view/en/story/2026/11/1168771"
    },
    {
      "outlet": "Radio Dabanga",
      "outlet_country": "Sudan (Netherlands-based)",
      "date": "2026-11-10",
      "url": "https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/alleged-sudan-arrest-of-icc-fugitive-ahmed-haroun-in-doubt"
    },
    {
      "outlet": "Radio Dabanga",
      "outlet_country": "Sudan (Netherlands-based)",
      "date": "2026-11-10",
      "url": "https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/darfur-faces-looming-famine-as-emergency-rooms-report-crop-failure-justice-africa-sudan-calls-for-immediate-ceasefire-humanitarian-access"
    },
    {
      "outlet": "Radio Dabanga",
      "outlet_country": "Sudan (Netherlands-based)",
      "date": "2026-11-02",
      "url": "https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/sudan-govt-accuses-ethiopia-of-backing-rsf-drone-attacks-analysts-question-un-complaint"
    },
    {
      "outlet": "UN News",
      "outlet_country": "UN",
      "date": "2026-11-03",
      "url": "https://news.un.org/feed/view/en/story/2026/11/1168731"
    },
    {
      "outlet": "The New Arab",
      "outlet_country": "UK (Qatar-backed)",
      "date": "2026-11-04",
      "url": "https://www.newarab.com/news/ethiopia-expels-sudan-diplomats-after-allegations-rsf-support"
    },
    {
      "outlet": "The National",
      "outlet_country": "UAE",
      "date": "2026-11-05",
      "url": "https://www.thenationalnews.com/news/mena/2026/11/05/sudan-and-ethiopia-in-tit-for-tat-expulsions-of-diplomats-as-tensions-rise/"
    },
    {
      "outlet": "The New Arab",
      "outlet_country": "UK (Qatar-backed)",
      "date": "2026-11-05",
      "url": "https://www.newarab.com/news/ethiopia-and-sudan-close-each-others-consulates"
    },
    {
      "outlet": "Al Jazeera",
      "outlet_country": "Qatar",
      "date": "2026-11-06",
      "url": "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/11/6/millions-fleeing-sudans-war-risk-losing-shelter-as-funds-run-low-un-warns?traffic_source=rss"
    },
    {
      "outlet": "Anadolu Agency",
      "outlet_country": "Turkey",
      "date": "2026-11-06",
      "url": "https://www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/154m-people-in-sudan-urgently-need-shelter-as-funding-shortages-threaten-aid-un-agencies/4114415"
    },
    {
      "outlet": "Radio Dabanga",
      "outlet_country": "Sudan (Netherlands-based)",
      "date": "2026-11-06",
      "url": "https://www.dabangasudan.org/en/all-news/article/australia-sanctions-el-burhan-and-hemedti-over-sudan-war-and-human-rights-abuses"
    },
    {
      "outlet": "Middle East Eye",
      "outlet_country": "UK",
      "date": "2026-11-06",
      "url": "https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/leaked-un-report-establishes-conclusively-uae-hired-colombian-mercenaries-sudans-rsf"
    },
    {
      "outlet": "Associated Press",
      "outlet_country": "United States",
      "date": "2026-11-01",
      "url": "https://wsls.com/news/world/2026/11/01/sudans-power-grid-nears-collapse-as-drone-strikes-blamed-on-rsf-target-electric-stations"
    },
    {
      "outlet": "Anadolu Agency",
      "outlet_country": "Turkey",
      "date": "2026-11-02",
      "url": "https://www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/sudanese-army-says-it-repelled-rsf-attacks-in-blue-nile-inflicted-heavy-losses-/4109114"
    },
    {
      "outlet": "Critical Threats Project (American Enterprise Institute)",
      "outlet_country": "United States",
      "date": "2026-11-05",
      "url": "https://www.criticalthreats.org/analysis/russia-rsf-saf-sudan-tplf-eritrea-ethiopia"
    }
  ],
  "updated": "2026-11-11",
  "page": "https://verorbis.com/e/sudan-civil-war/",
  "interactive": "https://verorbis.com/#e-sudan-civil-war",
  "license": {
    "text": "Summaries and curation: CC BY 4.0. Cite \"Verorbis\" and link to https://verorbis.com/e/sudan-civil-war/.",
    "third_party": "Numbers from third parties keep their own licenses and credit lines.",
    "credits": [
      "UCDP Candidate Events Dataset (CC BY 4.0), Uppsala Conflict Data Program",
      "UNHCR Refugee Population Statistics Database (CC BY 4.0)",
      "World Bank World Development Indicators (CC BY 4.0)",
      "V-Dem via Our World in Data (CC BY-SA 4.0)",
      "Harvard Growth Lab, Atlas of Economic Complexity (CC0)",
      "GDELT Project",
      "U.S. Energy Information Administration and Federal Reserve, via FRED",
      "European Central Bank reference rates; US Treasury daily par yield curve; Federal Reserve Bank of New York (EFFR)"
    ]
  }
}